# 时序图模板 > ⚠️ **本模板生成的是位图(PNG)**,不是 PlantUML / mermaid 可编辑时序图。 > 需要可编辑请用 mermaid / PlantUML / draw.io。 本文件用于生成"工程感时序图": - API 调用时序(前端 → 后端 → DB) - 鉴权 / OAuth / 多步握手时序 - 微服务间消息传递时序 - 分布式事务 / Saga / 2PC 时序 - 客户端 - 服务器 - 第三方 三方协议时序 特征: - 顶部一排 actor 框(带名字 + 类型 icon) - 每个 actor 下方一条垂直虚线(lifeline) - 水平消息箭头连接 actors(实箭头同步、虚线箭头异步 / return) - lifeline 上有"激活条"(细长矩形)表示该 actor 正在处理 - 消息可编号(1, 2, 3...) - 暗色 grid 背景 + 等宽字体 ## 适用范围 - API 调用时序 - 鉴权 / OAuth 流程 - 微服务消息时序 - 分布式事务 / Saga / 2PC - 第三方协议 / SDK 调用流 ## 何时使用 - 用户提到 "时序图 / sequence diagram / 调用时序 / API 流 / OAuth 流 / 分布式事务" - 用户希望「actor + lifeline + 消息箭头」标准 UML 时序图样式 - 用户接受位图 不要使用: - 用户要的是「业务流程 / 决策」 → 用 `technical-diagrams/flowchart-decision.md` - 用户要的是「状态机」 → 用 `technical-diagrams/state-machine.md` - 用户要的是「系统架构」 → 用 `technical-diagrams/system-architecture.md` ## 缺失信息优先提问顺序 1. 时序名称("OAuth 2.0 授权码流程 / 下单时序 / Saga 事务") 2. 参与的 actors(按从左到右顺序) 3. 消息序列(按时间顺序,标明 sender → receiver、消息内容、同步 / 异步) 4. 是否有失败 / 重试分支 5. 是否有 self-call(actor 调用自己内部方法) 6. 是否需要消息编号(论文 / 协议描述常需要) 7. 比例(默认 16:9 横版;actor 多时可用 4:3) ## 主模板:标准 UML 时序图 📖 描述 整张图顶部一排 actor 框,下方每个 actor 一条垂直虚线 lifeline,水平消息箭头连接 actors,激活条标在 lifeline 上,消息编号 + 标签清晰。 📝 提示词 ```json { "type": "工程感时序图(UML sequence diagram)", "goal": "生成一张工程感时序图作为 README / blog / 协议文档配图", "canvas": { "aspect_ratio": "{argument name=\"aspect_ratio\" default=\"16:9\"}", "background": "deep slate #0F172A with subtle 1px grid #1E293B at 32px spacing", "outer_padding": "60px" }, "title_strip": { "title": "{argument name=\"title\" default=\"OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code Flow\"}", "subtitle": "{argument name=\"subtitle\" default=\"with PKCE\"}", "position": "top-left, JetBrains Mono / SF Mono, light gray" }, "actors": { "count": "{argument name=\"actor_count\" default=\"4\"}", "items": [ { "id": "A1", "name": "{argument name=\"actor1_name\" default=\"User\"}", "type": "{argument name=\"actor1_type\" default=\"user\"}", "icon_glyph": "stick figure outline" }, { "id": "A2", "name": "{argument name=\"actor2_name\" default=\"Web App\"}", "type": "{argument name=\"actor2_type\" default=\"client\"}", "icon_glyph": "browser window outline" }, { "id": "A3", "name": "{argument name=\"actor3_name\" default=\"Auth Server\"}", "type": "{argument name=\"actor3_type\" default=\"service\"}", "icon_glyph": "shield outline" }, { "id": "A4", "name": "{argument name=\"actor4_name\" default=\"Resource Server\"}", "type": "{argument name=\"actor4_type\" default=\"service\"}", "icon_glyph": "database / server outline" } ], "header_box_style": { "shape": "rounded rectangle, corner radius 6px", "fill": "type-coded color × 12% opacity", "border": "1.5px solid type-coded color", "size": "160px wide × 64px tall, all headers identical size, evenly spaced", "label": "actor name in mono 11pt + small icon glyph above name" }, "type_color_map": { "user": "cyan #22D3EE", "client": "blue #60A5FA", "service": "emerald #34D399", "database": "violet #A78BFA", "external": "slate #94A3B8" } }, "lifelines": { "rule": "每个 actor header 下方画一条垂直虚线 (1px dashed slate #475569),从 header 底部一直延伸到画布底部", "spacing": "lifelines 之间等距,间距 ≥ 200px" }, "messages": { "count": "{argument name=\"message_count\" default=\"10\"}", "items": [ { "id": "M1", "from": "A1", "to": "A2", "label": "1. Click 'Sign in'", "type": "sync" }, { "id": "M2", "from": "A2", "to": "A3", "label": "2. GET /authorize?code_challenge=...", "type": "sync" }, { "id": "M3", "from": "A3", "to": "A1", "label": "3. Show login page", "type": "return" }, { "id": "M4", "from": "A1", "to": "A3", "label": "4. Submit credentials", "type": "sync" }, { "id": "M5", "from": "A3", "to": "A2", "label": "5. Redirect with auth_code", "type": "return" }, { "id": "M6", "from": "A2", "to": "A3", "label": "6. POST /token { code, code_verifier }", "type": "sync" }, { "id": "M7", "from": "A3", "to": "A2", "label": "7. { access_token, refresh_token }", "type": "return" }, { "id": "M8", "from": "A2", "to": "A4", "label": "8. GET /api/data (Bearer token)", "type": "sync" }, { "id": "M9", "from": "A4", "to": "A4", "label": "9. validate token", "type": "self" }, { "id": "M10", "from": "A4", "to": "A2", "label": "10. { data: ... }", "type": "return" } ], "message_style": { "sync": "solid line 1.5px slate #94A3B8, filled triangle arrowhead at target", "async": "solid line 1.5px slate #94A3B8, hollow triangle arrowhead", "return": "dashed line 1.5px slate #64748B, hollow triangle arrowhead", "self": "horizontal arrow that loops out to the right and back to the same lifeline (bracket shape)" }, "label_format": "<编号>. <消息内容>,例如 '5. Redirect with auth_code',mono 10pt,标在 arrow 上方居中" }, "activation_bars": { "enabled": "{argument name=\"activation_bars_enabled\" default=\"true\"}", "rule": "在 actor lifeline 上画细长矩形(4-6px 宽)覆盖该 actor 处理消息的时间段;颜色用 actor 的 type color,半透明", "vertical_extent": "从该 actor 收到一个 message 开始,到它发出 return 结束" }, "annotations": { "notes": { "enabled": "{argument name=\"notes_enabled\" default=\"false\"}", "rule": "可在某段时序旁画黄色便签(amber 半透明圆角矩形),加注释;如 'PKCE prevents code interception'" }, "loops_alts": { "enabled": "{argument name=\"loops_alts_enabled\" default=\"false\"}", "rule": "可用 UML alt / loop 框:圆角矩形包围多条消息,左上角标 'alt' / 'loop' + 条件文本" } }, "legend": { "enabled": true, "position": "bottom-right", "content": "actor type → color, message style → meaning (sync solid arrow / async hollow / return dashed / self bracket)", "style": "small panel, semi-transparent bg, mono 10pt" }, "constraints": { "must_keep": [ "actor headers 等大小、等间距、水平对齐", "lifelines 垂直、等间距", "messages 严格按时间从上到下排列", "每条 message 有编号 + 简洁标签", "sync / return / async 用不同箭头风格区分", "暗色 grid 背景 + 等宽字体", "legend 必画" ], "avoid": [ "actor header 大小不一", "messages 不按时间顺序", "self-call 画成水平直线(必须 bracket / loop 形)", "return 用实线箭头(破坏语义)", "label 与 lifeline 重叠", "用 emoji 当 actor 图标", "actor > 6 个(拥挤;考虑拆分)", "messages > 15 条(视觉爆炸;考虑分子时序)", "声称这是可编辑 SVG" ] } } ``` ### 参数策略 - **必问**:`title`、actors 列表、messages 序列(含 from/to/label/type) - **可默认**:`activation_bars_enabled`(true)、`type_color_map`、`notes_enabled`(false)、`loops_alts_enabled`(false) - **可随机**:actor icon glyph 具体造型、消息标签字号微调 ### 自动补全策略 - 用户给"我要画 OAuth 流程" → 默认 4 actor + 10 消息(用户 → web → auth → resource) - 用户没说 sync / async → 默认 sync;明显的回调 / 通知场景默认 async - 用户说"含失败重试" → 启用 `loops_alts_enabled` + alt block 包围 - 用户说"加注释解释" → 启用 `notes_enabled` - 用户说要 light 模式 → 用变体 1 ## 变体 1:浅色 Light 时序图 ```json { "modify": { "background": "warm off-white #F8FAFC + faint grid #E2E8F0", "actor_header_fill": "type color × 8% opacity", "actor_header_border": "1.5px solid (deeper shade for white bg)", "label_color": "deep slate #0F172A", "lifeline_color": "slate #94A3B8 dashed", "vibe": "白底文档 / 印刷版友好" } } ``` ## 变体 2:协议握手 / OAuth / 鉴权专用风 ```json { "modify": { "messages_emphasis": "为安全 / token 类消息加 🔒 等价 glyph 或 'TLS' / 'signed' 小标签", "extras": "在 message 上额外标 HTTP method(GET/POST/PUT),加微小 mono 标签", "annotation": "加 PKCE / nonce / state 解释 note,notes_enabled = true", "use_case": "OAuth 2.0 / OIDC / SAML / mTLS 等协议" } } ``` 适用:协议教学、鉴权流程文档。 ## 变体 3:分布式事务 / Saga / 2PC 风 ```json { "modify": { "actor_types": "通常 4-5 个 service actor + 1 个 coordinator + 1 个 message broker", "messages_emphasis": "明确标 prepare / commit / rollback / compensate 阶段,用不同颜色 (commit 绿、rollback 红、prepare 蓝)", "loops_alts_enabled": true, "alt_blocks": "alt 'commit phase' / 'rollback phase' 包围相应消息", "use_case": "Saga / 2PC / TCC / outbox pattern 教学和文档" } } ``` 适用:分布式事务模式教学、架构 review、failure mode 分析。 ## 避免事项 - 时序图但 messages 不按时间从上到下 → 失去时序性 - 用菱形 / 圆形当 actor(必须矩形 header) - self-call 画成直线(必须 bracket) - return 用实线(与 sync 混淆) - actor > 6 → 视觉拥挤,考虑拆分 - messages > 15 → 视觉爆炸 - 用 emoji 当 actor 图标 - 把 actor 头像做成卡通人物 → 失去工程感 - 没有 activation 条 → 看不出谁在处理 - 没有 message 编号(教学场景必须有) - 把"流程图"画成时序图(节点应该是动作而非 actor)