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# 时序图模板
> ⚠️ **本模板生成的是位图(PNG)**,不是 PlantUML / mermaid 可编辑时序图。
> 需要可编辑请用 mermaid / PlantUML / draw.io。
本文件用于生成"工程感时序图":
- API 调用时序(前端 → 后端 → DB)
- 鉴权 / OAuth / 多步握手时序
- 微服务间消息传递时序
- 分布式事务 / Saga / 2PC 时序
- 客户端 - 服务器 - 第三方 三方协议时序
特征:
- 顶部一排 actor 框(带名字 + 类型 icon)
- 每个 actor 下方一条垂直虚线(lifeline)
- 水平消息箭头连接 actors(实箭头同步、虚线箭头异步 / return)
- lifeline 上有"激活条"(细长矩形)表示该 actor 正在处理
- 消息可编号(1, 2, 3...)
- 暗色 grid 背景 + 等宽字体
## 适用范围
- API 调用时序
- 鉴权 / OAuth 流程
- 微服务消息时序
- 分布式事务 / Saga / 2PC
- 第三方协议 / SDK 调用流
## 何时使用
- 用户提到 "时序图 / sequence diagram / 调用时序 / API 流 / OAuth 流 / 分布式事务"
- 用户希望「actor + lifeline + 消息箭头」标准 UML 时序图样式
- 用户接受位图
不要使用:
- 用户要的是「业务流程 / 决策」 → 用 `technical-diagrams/flowchart-decision.md`
- 用户要的是「状态机」 → 用 `technical-diagrams/state-machine.md`
- 用户要的是「系统架构」 → 用 `technical-diagrams/system-architecture.md`
## 缺失信息优先提问顺序
1. 时序名称("OAuth 2.0 授权码流程 / 下单时序 / Saga 事务")
2. 参与的 actors(按从左到右顺序)
3. 消息序列(按时间顺序,标明 sender → receiver、消息内容、同步 / 异步)
4. 是否有失败 / 重试分支
5. 是否有 self-call(actor 调用自己内部方法)
6. 是否需要消息编号(论文 / 协议描述常需要)
7. 比例(默认 16:9 横版;actor 多时可用 4:3)
## 主模板:标准 UML 时序图
📖 描述
整张图顶部一排 actor 框,下方每个 actor 一条垂直虚线 lifeline,水平消息箭头连接 actors,激活条标在 lifeline 上,消息编号 + 标签清晰。
📝 提示词
```json
{
"type": "工程感时序图(UML sequence diagram)",
"goal": "生成一张工程感时序图作为 README / blog / 协议文档配图",
"canvas": {
"aspect_ratio": "{argument name=\"aspect_ratio\" default=\"16:9\"}",
"background": "deep slate #0F172A with subtle 1px grid #1E293B at 32px spacing",
"outer_padding": "60px"
},
"title_strip": {
"title": "{argument name=\"title\" default=\"OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code Flow\"}",
"subtitle": "{argument name=\"subtitle\" default=\"with PKCE\"}",
"position": "top-left, JetBrains Mono / SF Mono, light gray"
},
"actors": {
"count": "{argument name=\"actor_count\" default=\"4\"}",
"items": [
{
"id": "A1",
"name": "{argument name=\"actor1_name\" default=\"User\"}",
"type": "{argument name=\"actor1_type\" default=\"user\"}",
"icon_glyph": "stick figure outline"
},
{
"id": "A2",
"name": "{argument name=\"actor2_name\" default=\"Web App\"}",
"type": "{argument name=\"actor2_type\" default=\"client\"}",
"icon_glyph": "browser window outline"
},
{
"id": "A3",
"name": "{argument name=\"actor3_name\" default=\"Auth Server\"}",
"type": "{argument name=\"actor3_type\" default=\"service\"}",
"icon_glyph": "shield outline"
},
{
"id": "A4",
"name": "{argument name=\"actor4_name\" default=\"Resource Server\"}",
"type": "{argument name=\"actor4_type\" default=\"service\"}",
"icon_glyph": "database / server outline"
}
],
"header_box_style": {
"shape": "rounded rectangle, corner radius 6px",
"fill": "type-coded color × 12% opacity",
"border": "1.5px solid type-coded color",
"size": "160px wide × 64px tall, all headers identical size, evenly spaced",
"label": "actor name in mono 11pt + small icon glyph above name"
},
"type_color_map": {
"user": "cyan #22D3EE",
"client": "blue #60A5FA",
"service": "emerald #34D399",
"database": "violet #A78BFA",
"external": "slate #94A3B8"
}
},
"lifelines": {
"rule": "每个 actor header 下方画一条垂直虚线 (1px dashed slate #475569),从 header 底部一直延伸到画布底部",
"spacing": "lifelines 之间等距,间距 ≥ 200px"
},
"messages": {
"count": "{argument name=\"message_count\" default=\"10\"}",
"items": [
{ "id": "M1", "from": "A1", "to": "A2", "label": "1. Click 'Sign in'", "type": "sync" },
{ "id": "M2", "from": "A2", "to": "A3", "label": "2. GET /authorize?code_challenge=...", "type": "sync" },
{ "id": "M3", "from": "A3", "to": "A1", "label": "3. Show login page", "type": "return" },
{ "id": "M4", "from": "A1", "to": "A3", "label": "4. Submit credentials", "type": "sync" },
{ "id": "M5", "from": "A3", "to": "A2", "label": "5. Redirect with auth_code", "type": "return" },
{ "id": "M6", "from": "A2", "to": "A3", "label": "6. POST /token { code, code_verifier }", "type": "sync" },
{ "id": "M7", "from": "A3", "to": "A2", "label": "7. { access_token, refresh_token }", "type": "return" },
{ "id": "M8", "from": "A2", "to": "A4", "label": "8. GET /api/data (Bearer token)", "type": "sync" },
{ "id": "M9", "from": "A4", "to": "A4", "label": "9. validate token", "type": "self" },
{ "id": "M10", "from": "A4", "to": "A2", "label": "10. { data: ... }", "type": "return" }
],
"message_style": {
"sync": "solid line 1.5px slate #94A3B8, filled triangle arrowhead at target",
"async": "solid line 1.5px slate #94A3B8, hollow triangle arrowhead",
"return": "dashed line 1.5px slate #64748B, hollow triangle arrowhead",
"self": "horizontal arrow that loops out to the right and back to the same lifeline (bracket shape)"
},
"label_format": "<编号>. <消息内容>,例如 '5. Redirect with auth_code',mono 10pt,标在 arrow 上方居中"
},
"activation_bars": {
"enabled": "{argument name=\"activation_bars_enabled\" default=\"true\"}",
"rule": "在 actor lifeline 上画细长矩形(4-6px 宽)覆盖该 actor 处理消息的时间段;颜色用 actor 的 type color,半透明",
"vertical_extent": "从该 actor 收到一个 message 开始,到它发出 return 结束"
},
"annotations": {
"notes": {
"enabled": "{argument name=\"notes_enabled\" default=\"false\"}",
"rule": "可在某段时序旁画黄色便签(amber 半透明圆角矩形),加注释;如 'PKCE prevents code interception'"
},
"loops_alts": {
"enabled": "{argument name=\"loops_alts_enabled\" default=\"false\"}",
"rule": "可用 UML alt / loop 框:圆角矩形包围多条消息,左上角标 'alt' / 'loop' + 条件文本"
}
},
"legend": {
"enabled": true,
"position": "bottom-right",
"content": "actor type → color, message style → meaning (sync solid arrow / async hollow / return dashed / self bracket)",
"style": "small panel, semi-transparent bg, mono 10pt"
},
"constraints": {
"must_keep": [
"actor headers 等大小、等间距、水平对齐",
"lifelines 垂直、等间距",
"messages 严格按时间从上到下排列",
"每条 message 有编号 + 简洁标签",
"sync / return / async 用不同箭头风格区分",
"暗色 grid 背景 + 等宽字体",
"legend 必画"
],
"avoid": [
"actor header 大小不一",
"messages 不按时间顺序",
"self-call 画成水平直线(必须 bracket / loop 形)",
"return 用实线箭头(破坏语义)",
"label 与 lifeline 重叠",
"用 emoji 当 actor 图标",
"actor > 6 个(拥挤;考虑拆分)",
"messages > 15 条(视觉爆炸;考虑分子时序)",
"声称这是可编辑 SVG"
]
}
}
```
### 参数策略
- **必问**:`title`、actors 列表、messages 序列(含 from/to/label/type)
- **可默认**:`activation_bars_enabled`(true)、`type_color_map`、`notes_enabled`(false)、`loops_alts_enabled`(false)
- **可随机**:actor icon glyph 具体造型、消息标签字号微调
### 自动补全策略
- 用户给"我要画 OAuth 流程" → 默认 4 actor + 10 消息(用户 → web → auth → resource)
- 用户没说 sync / async → 默认 sync;明显的回调 / 通知场景默认 async
- 用户说"含失败重试" → 启用 `loops_alts_enabled` + alt block 包围
- 用户说"加注释解释" → 启用 `notes_enabled`
- 用户说要 light 模式 → 用变体 1
## 变体 1:浅色 Light 时序图
```json
{
"modify": {
"background": "warm off-white #F8FAFC + faint grid #E2E8F0",
"actor_header_fill": "type color × 8% opacity",
"actor_header_border": "1.5px solid (deeper shade for white bg)",
"label_color": "deep slate #0F172A",
"lifeline_color": "slate #94A3B8 dashed",
"vibe": "白底文档 / 印刷版友好"
}
}
```
## 变体 2:协议握手 / OAuth / 鉴权专用风
```json
{
"modify": {
"messages_emphasis": "为安全 / token 类消息加 🔒 等价 glyph 或 'TLS' / 'signed' 小标签",
"extras": "在 message 上额外标 HTTP method(GET/POST/PUT),加微小 mono 标签",
"annotation": "加 PKCE / nonce / state 解释 note,notes_enabled = true",
"use_case": "OAuth 2.0 / OIDC / SAML / mTLS 等协议"
}
}
```
适用:协议教学、鉴权流程文档。
## 变体 3:分布式事务 / Saga / 2PC 风
```json
{
"modify": {
"actor_types": "通常 4-5 个 service actor + 1 个 coordinator + 1 个 message broker",
"messages_emphasis": "明确标 prepare / commit / rollback / compensate 阶段,用不同颜色 (commit 绿、rollback 红、prepare 蓝)",
"loops_alts_enabled": true,
"alt_blocks": "alt 'commit phase' / 'rollback phase' 包围相应消息",
"use_case": "Saga / 2PC / TCC / outbox pattern 教学和文档"
}
}
```
适用:分布式事务模式教学、架构 review、failure mode 分析。
## 避免事项
- 时序图但 messages 不按时间从上到下 → 失去时序性
- 用菱形 / 圆形当 actor(必须矩形 header)
- self-call 画成直线(必须 bracket)
- return 用实线(与 sync 混淆)
- actor > 6 → 视觉拥挤,考虑拆分
- messages > 15 → 视觉爆炸
- 用 emoji 当 actor 图标
- 把 actor 头像做成卡通人物 → 失去工程感
- 没有 activation 条 → 看不出谁在处理
- 没有 message 编号(教学场景必须有)
- 把"流程图"画成时序图(节点应该是动作而非 actor)